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</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>Linux系统中grep命令是一种强大的文本搜索工具，它能使用正则表达式搜索文本，并把匹配的行打印出来。grep全称是<strong>Global Regular Expression Print</strong>，表示全局正则表达式版本，它的<font style="background:pink;">使用权限是所有用户</font>。</p> <ul><li>grep家族包括
<ul><li>grep</li> <li>egrep
<ul><li>egrep和fgrep的命令只跟grep有很小不同。</li> <li>egrep是grep的扩展，支持更多的re元字符</li></ul></li> <li>fgrep
<ul><li>fgrep就是<strong>fixed</strong> grep或<strong>fast</strong> grep，它们把所有的字母都看作单词，也就是说，正则表达式中的元字符表示回其自身的字面意义，不再特殊。</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>linux使用<font style="background:pink;">GNU版本的grep</font>。它功能更强，可以通过<code>-G</code>、<code>-E</code>、<code>-F</code>命令行选项来使用egrep和fgrep的功能。</li></ul> <h2 id="_01-格式和主要参数"><a href="#_01-格式和主要参数" class="header-anchor">#</a> 01.格式和主要参数</h2> <div class="language-bash line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">grep</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>options<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
主要参数：  <span class="token function">grep</span> --help可查看
	-c：只输出匹配行的计数。「count，v.计数」
	-i：不区分大小写。「ignore，v.忽略」
	-h：查询多文件时不显示文件名。「我也不晓得这个有啥用，文件名不是帮助我们找源代码的嘛。。」
	-l：查询多文件时只输出包含匹配字符的文件名。「感觉和上面选项互补」
	-n：显示匹配行及行号。「num」good，更好的帮助定位源代码位置
	-s：不显示不存在或无匹配文本的错误信息。
	-v：显示不包含匹配文本的所有行。「哈哈，这个要干啥？压榨服务器性能？」
	--color<span class="token operator">=</span>auto ：可以将找到的关键词部分加上颜色的显示。
	
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><ul><li>grep跳过某文件夹</li> <li>虽然help中说“--exclude”可以忽略文件和目录，可是实际测试中发现并不能忽略目录
<ul><li>所以，要排除目录，还得用“--exclude-dir”</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="language-bash line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>XXXX@kXXXXX:~/whoway$ <span class="token function">ls</span>
riscv_gcc  onw  two
XXXX@kXXXXX:~/whoway$ <span class="token function">grep</span> --exclude-dir<span class="token operator">=</span>riscv_gcc/ aaa *
grep: onw: Is a directory
grep: two: Is a directory
XXXX@kXXXXX:~/whoway$ <span class="token function">grep</span> --exclude-dir<span class="token operator">=</span>riscv_gcc/ aaa * -r
onw/one.c:aaa
two/twoo.c:aaa

其实grep --exclude-dir riscv_gcc/ aaa * -r
这个的<span class="token operator">=</span>号不加也行
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><h2 id="_02-官方翻译grep-help"><a href="#_02-官方翻译grep-help" class="header-anchor">#</a> 02.官方翻译<code>grep --help</code></h2> <div class="language-bash line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>Usage: <span class="token function">grep</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>OPTION<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span>. PATTERNS <span class="token punctuation">[</span>FILE<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span>.
Search <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token for-or-select variable">PATTERNS</span> <span class="token keyword">in</span> each FILE.
Example: <span class="token function">grep</span> -i <span class="token string">'hello world'</span> menu.h main.c
PATTERNS can contain multiple patterns separated by newlines.

Pattern selection and interpretation:
  -E, --extended-regexp     PATTERNS are extended regular expressions
  -F, --fixed-strings       PATTERNS are strings
  -G, --basic-regexp        PATTERNS are basic regular expressions
  -P, --perl-regexp         PATTERNS are Perl regular expressions
  -e, --regexp<span class="token operator">=</span>PATTERNS     use PATTERNS <span class="token keyword">for</span> matching
  -f, --file<span class="token operator">=</span>FILE           take PATTERNS from FILE
  -i, --ignore-case         ignore <span class="token keyword">case</span> distinctions <span class="token keyword">in</span> patterns and data
      --no-ignore-case      <span class="token keyword">do</span> not ignore <span class="token keyword">case</span> distinctions <span class="token punctuation">(</span>default<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
  -w, --word-regexp         match only whole words
  -x, --line-regexp         match only whole lines
  -z, --null-data           a data line ends <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token number">0</span> byte, not newline

Miscellaneous:「杂项」
  -s, --no-messages         suppress error messages
  -v, --invert-match        <span class="token keyword">select</span> non-matching lines
  -V, --version             display version information and <span class="token builtin class-name">exit</span>
      --help                display this <span class="token builtin class-name">help</span> text and <span class="token builtin class-name">exit</span>

Output control:「输出控制」
  -m, --max-count<span class="token operator">=</span>NUM       stop after NUM selected lines
  -b, --byte-offset         print the byte offset with output lines
  -n, --line-number         print line number with output lines
      --line-buffered       flush output on every line
  -H, --with-filename       print <span class="token function">file</span> name with output lines
  -h, --no-filename         suppress the <span class="token function">file</span> name prefix on output
      --label<span class="token operator">=</span>LABEL         use LABEL as the standard input <span class="token function">file</span> name prefix
  -o, --only-matching       show only nonempty parts of lines that match
  -q, --quiet, --silent     suppress all normal output
      --binary-files<span class="token operator">=</span>TYPE   assume that binary files are TYPE<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
                            TYPE is <span class="token string">'binary'</span>, <span class="token string">'text'</span>, or <span class="token string">'without-match'</span>
  -a, --text                equivalent to --binary-files<span class="token operator">=</span>text
  -I                        equivalent to --binary-files<span class="token operator">=</span>without-match
  -d, --directories<span class="token operator">=</span>ACTION  how to handle directories<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
                            ACTION is <span class="token string">'read'</span>, <span class="token string">'recurse'</span>, or <span class="token string">'skip'</span>
  -D, --devices<span class="token operator">=</span>ACTION      how to handle devices, FIFOs and sockets<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
                            ACTION is <span class="token string">'read'</span> or <span class="token string">'skip'</span>
  -r, --recursive           like --directories<span class="token operator">=</span>recurse
  -R, --dereference-recursive  likewise, but follow all symlinks
      --include<span class="token operator">=</span>GLOB        search only files that match GLOB <span class="token punctuation">(</span>a <span class="token function">file</span> pattern<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
      --exclude<span class="token operator">=</span>GLOB        skip files that match GLOB
      --exclude-from<span class="token operator">=</span>FILE   skip files that match any <span class="token function">file</span> pattern from FILE
      --exclude-dir<span class="token operator">=</span>GLOB    skip directories that match GLOB
  -L, --files-without-match  print only names of FILEs with no selected lines
  -l, --files-with-matches  print only names of FILEs with selected lines
  -c, --count               print only a count of selected lines per FILE
  -T, --initial-tab         <span class="token function">make</span> tabs line up <span class="token punctuation">(</span>if needed<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
  -Z, --null                print <span class="token number">0</span> byte after FILE name

Context control:「上下文控制、上下文控制」
  -B, --before-context<span class="token operator">=</span>NUM  print NUM lines of leading context
  -A, --after-context<span class="token operator">=</span>NUM   print NUM lines of trailing context
  -C, --context<span class="token operator">=</span>NUM         print NUM lines of output context
  -NUM                      same as --context<span class="token operator">=</span>NUM
      --color<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">=</span>WHEN<span class="token punctuation">]</span>,
      --colour<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">=</span>WHEN<span class="token punctuation">]</span>       use markers to highlight the matching strings<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
                            WHEN is <span class="token string">'always'</span>, <span class="token string">'never'</span>, or <span class="token string">'auto'</span>
  -U, --binary              <span class="token keyword">do</span> not strip CR characters at EOL <span class="token punctuation">(</span>MSDOS/Windows<span class="token punctuation">)</span>

When FILE is <span class="token string">'-'</span>, <span class="token builtin class-name">read</span> standard input.  With no FILE, <span class="token builtin class-name">read</span> <span class="token string">'.'</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span>
recursive, <span class="token string">'-'</span> otherwise.  With fewer than two FILEs, assume -h.
Exit status is <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> any line <span class="token punctuation">(</span>or <span class="token function">file</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> -L<span class="token punctuation">)</span> is selected, <span class="token number">1</span> otherwise<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> any error occurs and -q is not given, the <span class="token builtin class-name">exit</span> status is <span class="token number">2</span>.

Report bugs to: bug-grep@gnu.org
GNU <span class="token function">grep</span> home page: <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>http://www.gnu.org/software/grep/<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
General <span class="token builtin class-name">help</span> using GNU software: <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>https://www.gnu.org/gethelp/<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br></div></div><h2 id="_03-egrep加上-n显示行数"><a href="#_03-egrep加上-n显示行数" class="header-anchor">#</a> 03.egrep加上-n显示行数</h2> <div class="language-txt line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>[root@iZwz9ivqsnyj6hi71t3pamZ ~]# egrep 'now6' test.cpp 
//												      int now6=now5+tag[6];
//												      if(now6==n)
//												      else if(now6&gt;n)

[root@iZwz9ivqsnyj6hi71t3pamZ ~]# egrep 'now6' test.cpp  -n
87://												      int now6=now5+tag[6];
88://												      if(now6==n)
93://												      else if(now6&gt;n)
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br></div></div><h2 id="参考资料"><a href="#参考资料" class="header-anchor">#</a> 参考资料</h2> <ul><li>W3Cschool的<a href="https://www.w3cschool.cn/linux/linux-comm-grep.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">grep命令<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnblogs.com/xudong-bupt/archive/2013/03/23/2976793.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">linux下的find文件查找命令与grep文件内容查找命令<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg></a></li></ul></div> <div class="page-edit"><!----> <!----></div> <!----> </div> <!----></div></div>
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